Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of cell surface receptors that play essential roles in cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. The pathways that are activated by receptor tyrosine kinases are Ras and pi3k. The correct options are a and b.
Upon ligand binding, RTKs undergo dimerization and autophosphorylation, which leads to the activation of downstream signaling pathways. The correct pathways activated by receptor tyrosine kinases include:
a. Ras - The Ras pathway is activated when RTKs recruit adaptor proteins, such as Grb2, which in turn bind to guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), like SOS. This process leads to the exchange of GDP for GTP on Ras, resulting in its activation and downstream signaling events.
b. PI3K - The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is also activated by RTKs. Upon receptor activation, PI3K binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on the receptor, leading to its activation. Activated PI3K then converts PIP2 to PIP3, which in turn activates Akt, a crucial kinase involved in cell survival, growth, and proliferation.
c. Wnt - This pathway is NOT activated by receptor tyrosine kinases. The Wnt signaling pathway is primarily initiated by the binding of Wnt ligands to Frizzled receptors, which are distinct from RTKs.
d. TGFb - The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFb) signaling pathway is also NOT activated by receptor tyrosine kinases. TGFb signals through serine/threonine kinase receptors, which are structurally and functionally different from RTKs.
In conclusion, the pathways activated by receptor tyrosine kinases include Ras (a) and PI3K (b).
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIST TO BEST ASNWER
During the spring and summer months, female bats may not give birth and male bats may move from roost to roost. What might be factors driving this behavior?
Laissez-faire
Think about what you've learned about laissez-faire and rights. Then, complete each statement
Laissez-faire means that the government
with people's right to pursue happiness.
The idea of laissez-faire, or how much the government should do, is
DONE
Answer:
Laissez-faire means that the government does not interfere with people's right to pursue happiness.
The idea of laissez-faire, or how much the government should do, is debated heavily.
Explanation:
Laissez-faire is the main concept defended by economic liberalism and capitalism, mainly in the USA and other countries that adopt this type of concept. In a simple way, Laissez-faire can be defined as the separation of the State and the commerce of a region. This means, that in places where Laissez-faire is adopted, the State, ie the government, does not have the right to interfere in any type of commercial relationship and should only be responsible for guaranteeing property rights and consumer protection, otherwise, trade must regulate itself, within its own limits.
While many people see this policy as beneficial, preventing government from interfering with people's happiness, others believe that Laissez-faire is not beneficial and that government interference, or lack of it, should be discussed.
SOMEONE I NEED HELP!! I'M STUCK 30 POINTS!!!!!
PART A
An advantage of mitosis is the result of genetically____________.
A. Different
B.Identical
PART B
cells being reproduced
A. slowly
B. Quickly
Which common property of carbon dioxide and water vapor makes them important components of the atmosphere?
A.
They are both necessary for a fire to burn.
B.
They can both turn into solids at 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
C.
They both absorb energy from the earth’s surface, thereby heating the atmosphere.
D.
Their concentration in the atmosphere never varies.
The common property of carbon dioxide and water vapor that makes them important components of the atmosphere is that they both absorb energy from the Earth's surface, thereby heating the atmosphere (C).
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) are greenhouse gases, which means they have the ability to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere. When sunlight reaches the Earth's surface, it warms the surface, which then radiates heat back into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide and water vapor molecules absorb some of this outgoing heat energy, preventing it from escaping into space. This process, known as the greenhouse effect, helps regulate the Earth's temperature and make it habitable for life.
The concentration of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere can vary over time and location. Carbon dioxide concentrations have been increasing due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. Water vapor concentrations can vary depending on factors like temperature and humidity. While their concentrations may change, their ability to absorb energy from the Earth's surface remains a key factor in shaping the Earth's climate and overall atmospheric conditions.
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1 433 Quiz: Quick! Cenozoic
Question 4 of 10
Around
years ago, the first ancestors of homo sapiens appeared on
OA 1 million
OB. 1.8 billion
OC. 20,000
OD. 65 million
SUBMIT
The Cenozoic era was 65 million years ago."Recent life" means from the Cenozoic 66 million years ago to the present. Plants and animals such as dinosaurs most closely resemble today's species in this era. Times of the Cenozoic Period are parted into much more modest parts known as Ages, so you will see considerably more signs in this Time.
Cenozoic signs are shaded yellow. Mammals lived during the Cenozoic Era, which began with the dinosaur extinction and continues to this day. Mass annihilation of cold-blooded animals set out open doors for new life to flourish.
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What four substances are recycled during photosynthesis and respiration
Answer:
Carbon Dioxide, Glucose, Water, and Oxygen
Explanation:
Photosynthesis occurs in autotrophic green plants, some bacteria and algae. It uses pigments to absorb light energy to power reactions that make carbohydrates. Respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis because it breaks down carbohydrates to release ATP.
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Tricuspid and bicuspid valves are closed:__________
a. while ventricles are in systole
b. while atria arein diastole
c. while atria are in systole
d. while ventricles are in diastole
Tricuspid and bicuspid valves are closed while ventricles are in diastole.
What are tricuspid and bicuspid?The mitral valve, otherwise called the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve, is one of the four heart valves. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves are the two sorts of AV valves of the heart. They are comprised of endocardium and connective tissue. Both are situated between the chamber and ventricle. Bicuspid and tricuspid valves are associated with forestalling the discharge of ventricular blood to the atria. Bicuspid valves comprise of two cusps while the tricuspid valves have three cusps. The restricting of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves because of specific deformities is known as mitral stenosis and tricuspid stenosis individually.
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HELP ME I WILL MARK BRAINLIEST !!!
List three kinds of neurons that would be involved in a reflex impulse.
Answer:
sensory, motor and relay.
Explanation:
How does folding dough help it to rise
folding dough increases the air trapped between the layers which cause it to rise
why should the hodgkin-huxley model of understanding the mechanisms of cerebral neurons be applied with great caution?
The hodgkin-huxley model of understanding the mechanisms of cerebral neurons be applied with great caution because : Their research was based on a type of neuron ion a particular species that may no generalize to activity in the mammalian brain.
As per this model, it describes the initiation and spread of action potentials in neurons is the Hodgkin-Huxley model, often known as the conductance-based model. An approximate representation of the electrical properties of excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells, is provided by a set of nonlinear differential equations. It is a dynamical system in continuous time.
The difficulty is that the Hodgkin-Huxley model's basic neurons and mechanisms are not typical of the variety, complexity, and flexibility of many of the neurons in the mammalian brain.
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How do plants obtain glucose !!
Answer:
During photosynthesis, plants trap light energy with their leaves. Plants use the energy of the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into a sugar called glucose. Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose and starch. Cellulose is used in building cell walls.
Answer:
By using photosynthesis
Explanation:
Consider the following two statements about succession.
Student 1:
Matthew - As succession begins, communities tend to be dominated by mostly K-selected species. As succession continues, r-selected species tend to compete better and therefore become more and more common.
Student 2:
Iman - As succession begins, communities tend to be dominated by mostly r-selected species. As succession continues, K-selected species tend to compete better and therefore become more and more common.
Which student is correct?
a. Provide a rationale for your answer (2 marks)
b. Provide a specific example of succession which includes at least one example of an r-selected and one example of a K-selected species. (1 mark)
Note - No marks are earned by simply agreeing with either Matthew or Iman
what type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together in dna
Answer:
Glycosidic bondExplanation:
The glycosidic bond in DNA is the nitrogen-carbon coupling in between the 9′ nitrogen of purine bases (Adenine/Guanine) or the 1′ nitrogen of pyrimidine bases (Cytosine/Thymine) as well as the 1′ carbon of the deoxyribose sugar group. The synthesis of nucleoside arises from the binding of the nitrogenous base to the deoxyribose sugar via N-glycosidic linkage.
Does mutation, and migration increase or decrease the amount of genetic variation within and between populations
Mutation and migration are two of the primary mechanisms that lead to genetic variation within and between populations. Here's how they affect genetic variation:Mutation:Mutation is a change that occurs in the DNA sequence of a gene.
This can happen due to a variety of reasons, such as errors during DNA replication, exposure to mutagenic agents (e.g. radiation, chemicals), or through the action of transposable elements. Mutations are random and can occur anywhere in the genome. Some mutations can be harmful, some can be neutral, and a few can be beneficial. Harmful mutations are generally eliminated from the population through natural selection, while beneficial mutations may spread through the population if they confer an advantage. Neutral mutations may accumulate over time and contribute to genetic variation.Migration:Migration is the movement of individuals from one population to another. It can occur between populations of the same species or between different species. Migration can bring new alleles (variant forms of genes) into a population that were absent or rare before. It can also increase the frequency of existing alleles if the migrants carry those alleles. In this way, migration can increase the genetic diversity of a population or reduce genetic differences between populations.Therefore, mutation and migration both increase the amount of genetic variation within and between populations by introducing new genetic variation or changing the frequency of existing genetic variation.
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Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body. Justify your answer.
Enamel is indeed the hardest substance in the human body. It is present in teeth of humans. It covers every tooth and provides the hard layer.
Tooth Enamel is hard glossy substance that is comprised of calcium and phosphate mineral crystals which in return makes our teeth more stronger. Teeth enamel care is extremely important to maintain the oral health of teeth.
Tooth Enamel is one of the major tissue that make up tooth in humans. It covers the top layer of the teeth known as Crown. Calcium hardens the tooth enamel. Enamel contains 96% of the minerals. The color of Enamel varies from light yellow to white.
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briefly describe false placenta mammals
Answer: Placental mammals are therian mammals in which a placenta develops during pregnancy. The placenta sustains the fetus while it grows inside the mother’s uterus. Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants. Most mammals are placental mammals.
Explanation:
Answer:
Any member of the mammalian group characterized by the presence of a placenta, a vascular organ that develops during gestation, which facilitates exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood of the mother and that of the fetus.
Identify Draw arrows that point to the location of the chemical bonds
in the water molecule. (Hint: The oxygen atom is red, and the hydrogen
atoms are blue
Answer:
H2O
Explanation:
Dihydrogen monoxide
2 hydrogen= Dihydrogen
1 Oxygen= monoxide
It is an IONIC BOND!
While the neurology resident, Dr. Takahashi, was performing her examination, Sally asked her what a nerve was made of exactly. Which of the following statements is true regarding the cellular structure of a neuron? The neurology resident told Sally that axons of neurons make up the nerves that transfer information between the PNS and CNS. The neurology resident told Sally that the cell body, or some, made up the nerves and that this structure was what allowed the signal to travel between the CNS and PNS. The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and reccive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the PNS to the CNS. The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and receive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the CNS to the PNS.
The statement that is true regarding the cellular structure of a neuron is; The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and receive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the PNS to the CNS. Option A is correct.
This statement accurately describes the composition of nerves and the direction of information transmission. Neurons, which consist of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon, are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits signals to other neurons.
Nerves, on the other hand, are composed of bundled axons of neurons and are responsible for transmitting information between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). The information flow typically occurs from the PNS to the CNS.
Hence, A. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"While the neurology resident, Dr. Takahashi, was performing her examination, Sally asked her what a nerve was made of exactly. Which of the following statements is true regarding the cellular structure of a neuron? A) The neurology resident told Sally that axons of neurons make up the nerves that transfer information between the PNS and CNS. B) The neurology resident told Sally that the cell body, or some, made up the nerves and that this structure was what allowed the signal to travel between the CNS and PNS. C) The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and receive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the PNS to the CNS. D) The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and receive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the CNS to the PNS."--
In a microscope that uses a ccd detector, is the final image real or virtual?.
Answer:
real and this is because in the microscope the glass inside is like hand lense
what factor is the primary cause of earth's decreasing biodiversity
The primary cause of Earth's decreasing biodiversity is human activities such as habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of natural resources. The expansion of human population and its associated activities such as agriculture, urbanization, deforestation, and industrialization have led to the fragmentation and loss of natural habitats, resulting in the loss of species and their genetic diversity.
Pollution from industries, transportation, and waste disposal also pose a significant threat to biodiversity, affecting the health and survival of many species. Climate change caused by human-induced greenhouse gas emissions is another major factor that is altering ecosystems, causing species to shift their ranges or go extinct. Additionally, overfishing, hunting, and poaching for economic and recreational purposes are pushing many species to the brink of extinction. In summary, human activities are the primary cause of Earth's decreasing biodiversity, and addressing these issues is crucial to mitigate the loss of species and ensure a sustainable future for our planet.
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Urgent! Please help me in this
The hydrolysis of sucrose can be represented by the following chemical equation:
\(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O --> C_{6}H_{12}O_6 + C_{6}H_{12}O_6\)
What is the equation of the hydrolysis of sucrose?Sucrose is a common type of sugar that is found naturally in many plants. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose molecules linked together.
The equation of the hydrolysis of sucrose is given below:
\(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O --> C_{6}H_{12}O_6 + C_{6}H_{12}O_6\)
In this equation, sucrose reacts with water to yield glucose and fructose. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme sucrase.
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The estimated percentage of cancers that are due to poor diet and lifestyle habits is approximately Group of answer choices3/41/21/31/4
Solution:
A large body of literature indicates that 30% to 40% of all cancer cases are related to poor dietary or lifestyle habits.
That is equivalent to 1/3.
So that the correct answer is:
1/3
what is hair proteomics?'
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
Analysis of the hair proteome, particularly its composition, protein abundances, deamidated hair proteins, and modification sites, may offer a novel approach to explore potential biomarkers of hair health quality, hair diseases, and aging.
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Fever is thought to be a beneficial response because it makes iron and zinc less available to support bacterial growth. True False
True, fever is considered a beneficial response because it makes iron and zinc less available to support bacterial growth. This helps the body fight infections more effectively.
Fever is a beneficial response of the immune system to infection because it helps the body fight off pathogens. Fever helps by reducing the availability of iron and zinc in the body, which are essential nutrients for bacterial growth.
During any infection, our immune system produces inflammatory cytokines that stimulate the liver and spleen to sequester iron and zinc, which limits the availability of these nutrients to the invading bacteria. And this reduces bacterial replication, which slows down the spread of infection and gives the immune system more time to mount a response.
So, fever is a beneficial response that can help limit bacterial growth by making essential nutrients less available to them.
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We talked a lot about how life arises from non-living molecules through certain “emergent
properties”. What is one theory that scientists have put forth to explain how the first non-living
molecules may have started to resemble life as we know it (multiplying, carrying out
biochemistry), and what evidence supports their claim?
Answer:I think Dwarnism/NeoDwanisim
Explanation:
Toucan
Monstera Plant
The Toucan has a long, narrow beak that allows it to reach fruit that is hard to reach for other birds.
Plants, like the Monstera Plant, in the rainforest have long, grooved leaves to drop water to the forest
floor. The excessive water that falls in the rainforest could lead to mold, so the leaves adapted to
have "drip tips" that allow the water to run off of the leaves.
What type of adaptations are these? Compare and contrast the adaptations of the Toucan and
Monstera Plants of the rainforest. Your answer should be 3-4 sentences long.
structural
This is because the toucan has now evolved over time. this is to reach narrow fruits with its beak. the plant has also evolved over time. this is to make sure that the plant doesnt rot.
Please put the phases in the correct order:
metaphase
telophase
prophase
anaphase
list and describe at least six things that
differentiate living and non-living things.?
Difference Between Living & Non-Living Things.
Answer:
To List Is:
i) Excretion
ii) Sensitivity
iii) Growth
iv) Reproduction
v) Respiration
vi) Nutrition
Explanation: Description:
(a) Excretion: Is the process by which living things remove metabolic waste substances from the body.
Living things excrete whiles non-living things do not excrete.(b) Sensitivity: Is theprocess by which living things responds to stimuli or touch.
Living things responds to stimuli whiles non-living things do not respond to stimuli.(c) Growth: Is the process by which living things increases in weight, height or size.
Living things grow whiles non-living things do not grow.(d) Reproduction: Is the process by which living things produce young ones of their own.
Living things reproduce whiles non-living things do not reproduce.(e) Respiration: Is the process by which living things breathe or respire [carbon dioxide/oxygen] in order to obtain energy for their activities.
Living things breathe whiles non-living things do not respire.(f) Nutrition: Is the process by which living things obtain or make food or feed.
Living things feed whiles non-living things do not feed.Hope it helps!!Please mark me as the brainliest!!!
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Several forms of electromagnetic waves are used in communication.
Which of these correctly pairs the type of EM wave and its use in communication? All BUT ONE may apply.
A) Gamma rays are used in cell phone communication.
B) Microwaves are used to transmit satellite television.
C) Radio waves are used to transmit television and radio
programs.
D)Infrared waves are used to transmit information from
remote controls.
Answer:
C) Radio waves are used to transmit television and radio programs.
Explanation:
Radio wave is a form of electromagnetic radiation which is used in communication technologies, such as radio, television, and mobile phones. Communication technologies or devices receive radio waves and then they are converted into mechanical vibrations in the speaker that creates sound waves.
Hence, the correct answer is "C) Radio waves are used to transmit television and radio programs."