A first-order low-pass instrument has a time constant of 20 ms. Find the maximal sinusoidal input frequency that will keep output error due to frequency response less than 5%. Find the phase angle at this frequency

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a) 262 Hz

b) 18.2°

Explanation:

a) The maximal sinusoidal  input frequency is given by:

\(|H(jw)|=\frac{K}{\sqrt{1+w^2\tau^2} } \\\\where\ |H(jw)|=magnitude, w=angular\ frequency, \tau=time\ constant\\\\\)

The magnitude that will keep the output error less than 5% is 95% of its DC value = 0.95K. hence |H(jw)| = 0.95K, τ = 20 ms = 0.02 s

\(|H(jw)|=\frac{K}{\sqrt{1+w^2\tau^2} }\\\\0.95K=\frac{K}{\sqrt{1+w^2(0.02)^2} } \\\\0.95=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+0.0004w^2} }\\\\squaring\ both\ sides:\\\\0.9025=\frac{1}{1+0.0004w^2}\\ \\0.9025(1+0.0004w^2)=1\\\\0.9025+0.000361w^2=1\\\\0.000361w^2=0.0975\\\\w^2=270.083\\\\w=16.4\ rad/s\\\\f=\frac{w}{2\pi}=\frac{16.4}{2\pi} =2.62\ Hz\)

b)

\(The\ phase\ angle(\phi)=tan^{-1}(\frac{-w\tau}{1} )\\\\\phi=tan^{-1}(\frac{-16.4*0.02}{1} )=-18.2^o\)


Related Questions

DİGİTAL LOGİC DESİGN

Answers

Answer:

Uh- dude if you think I'm gonna download that, think twice...

not downloading that lol anyways haha

where are sensors located on a vehicle equipped with side sonar system?

Answers

Sensors in a vehicle with a side sonar system are typically located on the side bumpers or door panels. They are evenly distributed along the length of the vehicle for effective detection.

A side sonar system in a vehicle is designed to detect obstacles and other objects near the sides of the car during maneuvers such as parking or changing lanes. To ensure comprehensive coverage, multiple sensors are embedded along the side bumpers or door panels.

These sensors emit ultrasonic waves that bounce off nearby objects and return to the sensors, allowing the system to calculate the distance to the detected object. This information is then relayed to the driver through visual or auditory cues, helping them make safe driving decisions. The precise location of sensors may vary depending on the vehicle make and model.

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Describe all of the information that Mannitol Salt agar provides, both selective and differential.

Answers

Mannitol Salt Agar provides selective information by allowing the growth of halotolerant

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) provides both selective and differential information about the growth of bacteria.

Selective information:
1. High salt concentration: MSA contains a high concentration of salt (7.5-10% NaCl), which selects for the growth of halotolerant or halophilic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus species.
2. Inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria: The high salt content inhibits the growth of most Gram-negative bacteria, making MSA selective for Gram-positive bacteria.

Differential information:
1. Mannitol fermentation: MSA contains the sugar mannitol, which some bacteria can ferment. If a bacterium ferments mannitol, it will produce acidic byproducts that change the color of the pH indicator phenol red in the agar. This allows for differentiation between mannitol-fermenting and non-mannitol-fermenting bacteria.
2. Color change: The phenol red pH indicator changes color based on the acidity of the medium. If a bacterium ferments mannitol, the agar surrounding its colonies will turn yellow due to the production of acidic byproducts. If a bacterium does not ferment mannitol, the agar will remain pink or red.

In summary, Mannitol Salt Agar provides selective information by allowing the growth of halotolerant, Gram-positive bacteria and differential information by indicating whether a bacterium can ferment mannitol, which is visible through the color change of the pH indicator phenol red.

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How are deltas formed?

erosion of softer rock
connection of channels
deposition from flow into a lake or an ocean
creation of large, flat areas by flooding deposits

Answers

Answer:

It is created from deposition from flow into a lake or an ocean like the Missisippi delta

Explanation:

Answer:

C: deposition from flow into a lake or an ocean

Explanation:

deposition from rivers creates a variety of features, delta deposits created by flow into lake or ocean, is one of them.

The move dialog box appears as soon as components are
inserted into the design.
Select Answer
O True
4
O False

Answers

The moment a component is added to the design, the move dialog box opens,It is true.

Which of the following keys is a standard shortcut for the Zoom Fit tool?

Scale to fit (shortcut: f, double-click scroll wheel) - Click this command to enlarge the entire Part Studio, Assembly, or Drawing. You may also use the shortcut key to do so.Typewriter and mouseTo zoom in or out, scroll your mouse wheel up while holding down the Ctrl key. You may already use this to zoom in and out on your browser, for instance.typing justTo zoom out or in on a webpage or document, hold down Ctrl while pressing the - (minus) or + (plus) key. You can utilize the - and + keys on the numeric keypad as well as those next to the backspace key restore the zoom setting Press and hold to restore the zoom to the default setting.

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When all the forces acting on an object are balanced, we call that



power.


simple machines.


static equilibrium.


moment.

Answers

Answer:

Static Equilibrium.....

Explanation:

When all the forces that act upon an object are balanced, then the object is said to be in a state of equilibrium.....

Consider the same piping system. this time, the same pipe is buried underground. assuming that there is a constant heat flux of 100w/m^2 from the outer surfance of the pipe to the soil determine the exit temperature of the water.
a. 129.1
b. 111.1
c. 82.1
d. 68.1

Answers

Complete Question

Complete Question is attached below

Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

inner Diameter of pipe \(d_i=100^c\)

Thickness \(t=50mm\)

Outer diameter of pipe \(d_o=1.1m\)

Length \(l=5m\)

Temperature \(T_i=130^oC\)

Generally the equation for Heat Balance is mathematically given by

\(q*\pi d_oL=mC_p(T_i-T_o)\)

Therefore

\(T_o=T_i+\frac{q*\pi d_oL}{mC_p}\)

\(T_o=130+\frac{100*3.142 *1.1*5}{0.5*4000}\)

\(T_o=129.136^oC\)

Therefore the exit temperature of the water.is \(T_o=129.136^oC\)

Option A

Consider the same piping system. this time, the same pipe is buried underground. assuming that there
Consider the same piping system. this time, the same pipe is buried underground. assuming that there

The 48-W fan of a central heating system is to circulate air through the ducts. The analysis of the flow shows that the fan needs to raise the pressure of air by 50 Pa to maintain flow. The fan is located in a horizontal flow section whose diameter is 30 cm at both the inlet and the outlet. Determine the highest possible average flow velocity in the duct. (Round the final answer to one decimal place.)

Answers

Answer:

3.39 m/s

Explanation:

The fan need to maintain a pressure (p) of 50 Pa, also the power = 48 W.

The surface area of the duct (A) is given as:

\(A=\pi D^2\\\\But\ D=diameter =30cm=0.3m\\\\Hence:\\\\A=\pi(0.3)^2=0.283\ m^2\)

The mass flow rate is given by the formula:

\(P=\dot{m}.\frac{p}{\rho}\\ \\m=\frac{P*\rho}{p}\\ \\\)

The velocity (V) in the duct can be calculated from the formula:

\(\dot{m}=\rho*V*A\\\\V=\frac{\dot{m}}{\rho*A}\\ \\Substituting\ \dot{m}=\frac{P*\rho}{p}\\ \\V=\frac{\frac{P*\rho}{p}}{\rho *A}\\ \\V=\frac{P}{p*A}\\ \\V=\frac{48}{50*0.283}=3.39\\ \\V=3.39\ m/s\)

what type of road should you use to perform a road test

Answers

To perform a road test, you should use a road that is safe, legal, and meets the requirements of the licensing authority in your area.

What road is ideal?

Typically, this would be a public road with a variety of traffic situations, including intersections, curves, hills, and varying speed limits. It is important to choose a road that is in good condition and free of hazards such as construction, poor lighting, or heavy traffic.

Before conducting a road test, ensure that you have the necessary permissions and that you are following all applicable laws and regulations.

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Hei can someone help me with homework

Hei can someone help me with homework

Answers

The total power derived from the the plate that heats the room, given the temperature in the room would be  2.065 W.

How to find the total power derived ?

To calculate the total power radiated from the plate, we'll use the Stefan-Boltzmann law:

P = ε x σ x A x (T_plate^4 - T_room^4)

First, let's convert the temperatures to Kelvin:

Tplate = 79°C + 273.15K = 352.15K

Troom = 22°C + 273.15K = 295.15K

Now, we can plug in the values into the Stefan-Boltzmann law:

P = 0.63 x (5.67 x 10^-8 W/(m^2 x K^4)) x 0.307 m^2 x (352.15^4 K^4 - 295.15^4 K^4)

P ≈ 8.638 x 10^-6 x 239103.81

P = 2.065 W

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Help I need fast is it true or false

Help I need fast is it true or false

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

It can only survive outside of the body for six days

Illustrate how an SPDT switch can be used for wiring the low/high beam for car headlights using the car battery as the voltage source.

Answers

SPDT is a single-pole double-throw switch. It is often called a changeover switch. This type of switch can be used to switch on a red lamp in one position and a green lamp in the other position.

What is the function of SPDT?

SPDT switch is a simple ON/OFF switch that is specifically used to connect or disconnect two terminals. Once the switch is closed, then two terminals will be connected, so current supplies are in between them.

An SPDT switch can also be used for wiring the low/high beam for car headlights using the car battery as the voltage source. This circuit diagram is meant in such a way that when the switch moves upside, it indicates the high beam, and when the switch moves downside it represents the low beam.

Therefore, SPDT is a single-pole double-throw switch. It is often called a changeover switch.

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In the context of mechanical systems, what does the term efficiency mean? OA the factor by which a machine multiplies a force B. the ratio of a machine's power to the force of its input Ос. the rate at which a machine performs work D. the rate at which a machine consumes energy E. the ratio of the work output of a machine to the work input​

Answers

Answer:

E

Explanation:

I have a big brain and I just took the test and got it correct.

Problem 3. Consider an enclosed area inside a uranium mine with dimensions of 5 × 4× 3 m3. The walls are emitting Radon-222 at a rate of 0.1 atoms/(cm2·s). a) Derive differential equation describing number of Rn-222 atoms in this enclosed space, considering its emission from the walls, radioactive decay, and ventilation. b) Determine equilibrium concentration of Rn-222 in this space without ventilation in pCi/L. c) What should be air ventilation flow rate in L/s to maintain activity below 5 pCi/L?

Answers

Answer:

B) 430 Pci/L

C) F = 1.05 * 10 ^13 L/s

Explanation:

Given data :

enclosed area dimensions : 5 * 4 * 3 m^3

emission of  Radon-22 through walls = 0.1 atoms/(cm^2.s)

first we will have to determine the total surface area of the enclosed area

= 2 lb + 2 bh + 2 lh

= 2( 5*4 ) + 2( 4*3 ) + 2 ( 5*3 ) = 9.4 * 10^5 cm^2

next we determine the production rate ( P )

p = 0.1 atoms/(cm^2.s) * 9.4 * 10^5 cm^2 =  9.4 * 10^5 atoms/s

determine production rate per volume

production rate / space volume =  9.4 * 10^5 / ( 5*4*3 )

                                                     =  9.4 * 10^5 / (60 * 10^3) L

                                                     = 16 atoms/ L

attached below is the remaining part of the solution

Problem 3. Consider an enclosed area inside a uranium mine with dimensions of 5 4 3 m3. The walls are
Problem 3. Consider an enclosed area inside a uranium mine with dimensions of 5 4 3 m3. The walls are

a worn or defective axle bearing will likely make what type of noise?

Answers

A worn or defective axle bearing will likely make a whining or growling defective axle . Axle bearings serve a vital role in the suspension and drivetrain system of a vehicle.

They are responsible for supporting the weight of the vehicle, as well as transmitting the rotation of the axle to the wheels.

When an axle bearing is worn or defective, it can cause a range of issues and symptoms. The most common symptom of a bad axle bearing is noise.

This noise can be heard as a whining or growling sound, which will usually increase in intensity as the vehicle's speed increases.

Other symptoms of a bad axle bearing may include vibration or shaking in the vehicle, as well as poor handling or steering.

In conclusion, if you hear a whining or growling noise coming from your vehicle, it is likely that the axle bearing is worn or defective. It is important to have this issue addressed as soon as possible, as a bad axle bearing can lead to more serious problems with your vehicle's suspension and drivetrain system.

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Which of these properties generally applies to transfer lines? A. It is difficult to introduce product modifications. B. It is difficult to store products between individual machines. C. The process can run even if one of the machines fails. D. Products can take different paths through the system.

Answers

Answer:

It is difficult to introduce products modification

In a delta-connected load, the relation between line voltage and the phase voltage is?
a) line voltage phase voltage
c) line voltage=phase voltage
b) line voltage d) line voltage phase voltage

Answers

The relationship between line voltage and phase voltage in a delta-connected load is line voltage = phase voltage.

What is Line Voltage?

In a three-phase system, line voltage, also known as Vline or VL-L, is the potential difference between any two lines or phases that are present in the system. The phases that are present here are coil windings or conductors.

If R, Y, and B are the three phases, the voltage difference between R and Y, Y and B, or B and R is the line voltage (red, yellow, and blue). Phase voltage is the potential difference between one phase (R, Y, or B) and the neutral junction point, and it is represented by the formula Vphase = VR (voltage of Red phase) = VY (voltage of Yellow phase) = VB.

Line voltage and Phase voltage Relation:

Line voltage and phase voltage are proportional to one another.

That means-

When the line voltage increases, so does the phase voltage.The rise in phase voltage is mirrored in the rise in line voltage.

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Which technical practice incorporates build-time identification of security vulnerabilities in the code?

Answers

Technical practice incorporates build-time identification of security vulnerabilities in the code is  Penetration testing.

What is Penetrating Testing?

A penetration test, sometimes referred to as a pen test or ethical hacking, is a legitimate simulated cyberattack on a computer system that is carried out to analyze the system's security. This is distinct from a vulnerability assessment.

In order to identify and illustrate the financial effects of a system's vulnerabilities, penetration testers employ the same tools, strategies, and procedures as attackers. Reconnaissance, scanning, vulnerability assessment, exploitation, and reporting are the five stages of a penetration test.

Penetration testing is a technical activity that includes build-time discovery of security vulnerabilities in the code.

Penetration tests are essential to an organization's security because they teach staff members how to respond to any kind of intrusion from a malicious party. Pen tests are a method of determining whether a company's security procedures are actually effective.

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8. 15 A manual arc welding cell uses a welder and a fitter. The cell operates 2,000 hriyr. The welder is paid $30/hr and the fitter is paid $25/hr. Both rates include applicable overheads. The cycle time to complete one welded assembly is 15. 4 min. Of this time, the arc-on time is 25%, and the fitter's participation in the cycle is 30% of the cycle time. A robotic arc welding cell is being considered to replace this manual cell. The new cell would have one robot, one fitter, and two workstations, so that while the robot is working at the first sta tion, the fitter is unloading the other station and loading it with new components. The fitter's rate would remain at $25/hr. For the new cell, the production rate would be eight welded assemblies per hour. The arc-on time would increase to almost 52%, and the fitter's participation in the cycle would be about 62%. The installed cost of the robot and worksta tions is $158,000. Power and other utilities to operate the robot and arc welding equipment will be $3. 80/hr, and annual maintenance costs are $3,500. Given a 3-year service life, 15% rate of return, and no salvage value, (a) determine the annual quantity of welded assem blies that would have to be produced to reach the break-even point for the two methods. (b) What is the annual quantity of welded assemblies produced by the two methods work. Ing 2,000 hryr?​

Answers

The annual quantity of welded assemblies that would have to be produced to reach the break-even point for the two methods is approximately 15,983.

To determine the break-even point between the manual arc welding cell and the robotic cell, we need to calculate the total costs for each method and then equate them.

For the manual arc welding cell:

Labor cost per hour = (welder's hourly rate x arc-on time) + (fitter's hourly rate x fitter's participation in the cycle) = ($30 x 0.25) + ($25 x 0.3) = $11.25

Labor cost per welded assembly = labor cost per hour x cycle time per assembly / 60 = $11.25 x 15.4 / 60 = $2.89

Overhead cost per welded assembly = (labor cost per hour x (1 - arc-on time - fitter's participation in the cycle)) x cycle time per assembly / 60 = ($30 x 0.45) x 15.4 / 60 = $4.68

Total cost per welded assembly = labor cost per welded assembly + overhead cost per welded assembly = $2.89 + $4.68 = $7.57

Total cost per hour = total cost per welded assembly x production rate = $7.57 x 8 = $60.56

Total cost per year = total cost per hour x hours of operation per year = $60.56 x 2,000 = $121,120

For the robotic arc welding cell:

Labor cost per hour = fitter's hourly rate x fitter's participation in the cycle = $25 x 0.62 = $15.50

Labor cost per welded assembly = labor cost per hour x cycle time per assembly / 60 = $15.50 x 15.4 / 60 = $3.97

Overhead cost per welded assembly = power and utility cost per hour + annual maintenance cost / production rate = $3.80 + $3,500 / (8 x 2,000) = $3.80 + $0.22 = $4.02

Total cost per welded assembly = labor cost per welded assembly + overhead cost per welded assembly + (installed cost / (production rate x service life)) = $3.97 + $4.02 + ($158,000 / (8 x 3)) = $3.97 + $4.02 + $6,208.33 = $14.19

Total cost per hour = total cost per welded assembly x production rate = $14.19 x 8 = $113.52

Total cost per year = total cost per hour x hours of operation per year = $113.52 x 2,000 = $227,040

To find the break-even point, we set the total cost of the manual arc welding cell equal to the total cost of the robotic arc welding cell and solve for the annual quantity of welded assemblies:

$121,120 + x($7.57) = $227,040 + x($14.19)

$7.57x - $14.19x = $227,040 - $121,120

$-6.62x = $105,920

x = $105,920 / $6.62

x = 15,982.7

Therefore, the annual quantity of welded assemblies that would have to be produced to reach the break-even point for the two methods is approximately 15,983.

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can someone please help me with this
I've an exams tomorrow ​

can someone please help me with this I've an exams tomorrow

Answers

Answer:

I am in Eight Grade

Explanation:

Briefly explain thermal expansion using the potential energy–versus–interatomic spacing curve.

Answers

As the temperature of the material increases, the potential energy of the molecules increases. Thermal expansion occurs due to changes in temperature, and interatomic distances increase as potential energy increases.

What are the uses of Thermal Expansion?

Thermal expansion is used in a variety of applications such as rail buckling, engine coolant, mercury thermometers, joint expansion, and others.

It is to be noted that an application of the concept of liquid expansion in everyday life concerns liquid thermometers. As the heat rises, the mercury or alcohol in the thermometer tube moves in only one direction. As the heat decreases, the liquid moves back smoothly.

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Which company produces comprehensive patch management software?
Quest
Motorola
Apple
Sony

Answers

If I’m not mistaken it is Quest. I could be completely wrong or I could be right. I really don’t know but I guess you’ll have to go with it if you choose my answer. But Quest seems to be correct.

Express each of these statements using quantifiers. Then
form the negation of the statement so that no negation is
to the left of a quantifier. Next, express the negation in
simple English. (Do not simply use the phrase “It is not
the case that.”)
a) No one has lost more than one thousand dollars playing the lottery.
b) There is a student in this class who has chatted with
exactly one other student.
c) No student in this class has sent e-mail to exactly two
other students in this class.
d) Some student has solved every exercise in this book.
e) No student has solved at least one exercise in every
section of this book.

Answers

The statements which expressing using quantifiers:

a) It is not the case that anyone has lost more than one thousand dollars playing the lottery.

b) It is not the case that there is a student in this class who has chatted with exactly one other student.

c) It is not the case that no student in this class has sent e-mail to exactly two other students in this class.

d) It is not the case that some student has solved every exercise in this book.

e) It is not the case that no student has solved at least one exercise in every section of this book.

What is quantifiers?

Quantifiers are used in quantified expressions to bind the free variables. In other words, quantifiers quantify the variables of the predicates. In predicate logic, there are two well-known quantifiers: the universal quantifier and the existential quantifier. The universal quantifier asserts that statements within its scope are true for every value of the unique variable, whereas the existential quantifier asserts that statements within its scope are true for only some values of the specific variable.

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What is the best way to collaborate with your team when publishing Instagram Stories from Hootsuite?

Answers

Implement a robust approval process with multiple touch points so every team member has input
Save the Story as a draft, then share it with your team via Hootsuite Inbox to gather feedback before publishing
Schedule Stories in the Planner so they can be reviewed and edited by the approver directly
Add specific publishing notes in the composer to help guide the teammate ultimately publishing the Stories

discuss about the present scenario and challenges involved in
Microsoft azure

Answers

Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform and service that allows businesses to create, manage, and deploy applications and services through Microsoft’s network of data centers. In today’s fast-paced technological environment, the platform has taken a prominent place in many enterprises and industries.

The present scenario of Microsoft Azure includes a high demand for cloud services due to the emergence of new technologies. The platform provides numerous benefits, such as scalability, cost-efficiency, and accessibility. It offers an excellent opportunity for businesses to access world-class computing resources without needing to invest in new hardware and software.However, with the benefits come some challenges.

The primary challenges involved in Microsoft Azure include security, complexity, and management. Security is a significant concern in cloud computing due to the potential for data breaches and other security risks. Businesses must carefully manage their data and secure their applications to ensure that their cloud infrastructure remains safe and secure. The complexity of cloud computing can also be a challenge for businesses that lack the necessary expertise and resources. Managing a cloud infrastructure requires a high level of technical knowledge and skill, which can be difficult for many businesses to acquire.

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What is the benefit of theories? they are easily disproven they are written by famous people they were applying every circumstance they can provide some explanation for signs

Answers

Answer:

A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world and universe that has been repeatedly tested and verified in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results. Where possible, theories are tested under controlled conditions in an experiment. In circumstances not amenable to experimental testing, theories are evaluated through principles of abductive reasoning. Established scientific theories have withstood rigorous scrutiny and embody scientific knowledge.

A scientific theory differs from a scientific fact or scientific law in that a theory explains "why" or "how": a fact is a simple, basic observation, whereas a law is a statement (often a mathematical equation) about a relationship between facts. For example, Newton’s Law of Gravity is a mathematical equation that can be used to predict the attraction between bodies, but it is not a theory to explain how gravity works. Stephen Jay Gould wrote that "...facts and theories are different things, not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty. Facts are the world's data. Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts.

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what will be assigned to the variable s_string after the following code executes? special = '1357 country ln.' s_string = special[5:]

Answers

The variable s_string will contain the string "country ln." after the code executes.

What does slicing mean in Python?

Slicing refers to accessing a specific section (or slice) of a sequence type object such as a string, list, or tuple. The slice is specified by providing the start and end indices within the square brackets that follow the object. The resulting slice will include all elements from the start index up to (but not including) the end index. Slicing allows you to extract specific portions of a sequence, create new sequences by concatenating slices, and modify specific sections of a sequence.

special = '1357 country ln.'

s_string = special[5:]

The string assigned to the variable special is "1357 country ln." When the expression special[5:] is evaluated, it returns a slice of the string starting at index 5 (which corresponds to the space ' ') and including all the characters up to the end of the string. So, s_string is assigned the value "country ln."

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what is a plaster ratio?​

Answers

Plaster Mix Ratio
Mix cement and sand in the ratio of 1:6 (1 cement:6 sand) for inner plastering of bricks. And for outer plastering mix it in the ratio of 1:4. On a brick wall never do plastering of thickness more than 12 or 15mm. At one go, avoid plastering of more than 12mm thickness.
what is a plaster ratio?

2.) A fluid moves in a steady manner between two sections in a flow
line. At section 1: A2 = 10 ft?, V = 100 fpm, vl = 4 ftp/lb
At section 2: A2 = 2 ft², P2 = 0.20 lb/ft?
Calculate (a.) the mass flow rate, and
(b.) the speed at section 2

Answers

Answer:

\(250\ \text{lbm/min}\)

\(625\ \text{ft/min}\)

Explanation:

\(A_1\) = Area of section 1 = \(10\ \text{ft}^2\)

\(V_1\) = Velocity of water at section 1 = 100 ft/min

\(v_1\) = Specific volume at section 1 = \(4\ \text{ft}^3/\text{lbm}\)

\(\rho\) = Density of fluid = \(0.2\ \text{lb/ft}^3\)

\(A_2\) = Area of section 2 = \(2\ \text{ft}^2\)

Mass flow rate is given by

\(m=\rho A_1V_1=\dfrac{A_1V_1}{v_1}\\\Rightarrow m=\dfrac{10\times 100}{4}\\\Rightarrow m=250\ \text{lbm/min}\)

The mass flow rate through the pipe is \(250\ \text{lbm/min}\)

As the mass flowing through the pipe is conserved we know that the mass flow rate at section 2 will be the same as section 1

\(m=\rho A_2V_2\\\Rightarrow V_2=\dfrac{m}{\rho A_2}\\\Rightarrow V_2=\dfrac{250}{0.2\times 2}\\\Rightarrow V_2=625\ \text{ft/min}\)

The speed at section 2 is \(625\ \text{ft/min}\).

(a) The mass flow rate will be "250 lbm/min".

(b) At section 2, the speed will be "625 ft/min".

Speed and Mass

According to the question,

Section 1 area, A₁ = 10 ft²

Section 2 area, A₂ = 2 ft²

Water's velocity, V₁ = 100 ft/min

Volume at section 1, v₁ = 4 ft³/lbm

(a) We know the formula,

Mass flow rate, m = ρA₁V₁

                              = \(\frac{A_1 V_1}{v_1}\)

By substituting the values,

                              = \(\frac{10\times 100}{4}\)

                              = \(\frac{1000}{4}\)

                              = 250 lbm/min

(2) The speed will be:

→ m = ρA₂V₂

or,

  V₂ = \(\frac{m}{\rho A_2}\)

By substituting the values,

       = \(\frac{250}{0.2\times 2}\)

       = \(\frac{200}{0.4}\)

       = 625 ft/min

Thus the responses above are correct.  

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with the hall effect sensor, what type of faults on the sensor can be pinpoint tested with a voltmeter?

Answers

Faults such as a broken wire, improper connections, damaged magnet, and faulty Hall Element can be tested with a voltmeter.

What is Voltmeter?

A Voltmeter is an instrument used to measure electric potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit. It measures the voltage between two points in a circuit, and can also be used to measure the electrical potential difference between two points of a non-electrical system. It is commonly used to measure the voltage of batteries, or the voltage drop across a resistor. It can also be used in a variety of other applications where the voltage needs to be measured.

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